*Arc tbc* ---James Partridge b 1872
Moderators: Northern Lass, grangers14, admin, peterd
-
- Posts: 3561
- Joined: Fri Jul 31, 2009 2:23 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: Gladders Hackett Shakespeare Allport
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Staffordshire Durham
- Location: Leicestershire
*Arc tbc* ---James Partridge b 1872
Can anyone check American census for James/Selina/ and William in the following family:
I believe they might have travelled to USA in 1906 with a younger sibling
1901 13, King Street, Rowley Regis
PARTRIDGE, James Head Married M 29 1872 Furnace Stoker Old Hill Staffordshire
PARTRIDGE, Selina Wife Married F 35 1866 Old Hill Staffordshire
ALLPORT, Ettie Daughter Single F 17 1884 Chain Maker Old Hill Staffordshire
ALLPORT, Isaachar Son Single M 14 1887 Labourer In Iron Works Old Hill Staffordshire
ALLPORT, Arthur Son Single M 9 1892 Old Hill Staffordshire
PARTRIDGE, William Son Single M 6 1895 Old Hill Staffordshire
PARTRIDGE, Ernest Son Single M 1 1900 Old Hill Staffordshire
Interestingly Selina is found in 1891 with previous husband and child born in USA -- had they visited earlier?
1891 6, 3 Court, Hall Street, Cradley Heath, Tipton
ALLPORT, Alfred Head Married M 29 1862 Chainmaker Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Selina Wife Married F 30 1861 Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Hettie Daughter Single F 10 1881 Scholar Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Issachar Son Single M 4 1887 Scholar Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Harry Son Single M 2 1889 Scholar America U S
ALLPORT, Arthur Son Single M 0 (3M) 1891 Tipton Staffordshire
I believe they might have travelled to USA in 1906 with a younger sibling
1901 13, King Street, Rowley Regis
PARTRIDGE, James Head Married M 29 1872 Furnace Stoker Old Hill Staffordshire
PARTRIDGE, Selina Wife Married F 35 1866 Old Hill Staffordshire
ALLPORT, Ettie Daughter Single F 17 1884 Chain Maker Old Hill Staffordshire
ALLPORT, Isaachar Son Single M 14 1887 Labourer In Iron Works Old Hill Staffordshire
ALLPORT, Arthur Son Single M 9 1892 Old Hill Staffordshire
PARTRIDGE, William Son Single M 6 1895 Old Hill Staffordshire
PARTRIDGE, Ernest Son Single M 1 1900 Old Hill Staffordshire
Interestingly Selina is found in 1891 with previous husband and child born in USA -- had they visited earlier?
1891 6, 3 Court, Hall Street, Cradley Heath, Tipton
ALLPORT, Alfred Head Married M 29 1862 Chainmaker Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Selina Wife Married F 30 1861 Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Hettie Daughter Single F 10 1881 Scholar Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Issachar Son Single M 4 1887 Scholar Worcester Old Hill
ALLPORT, Harry Son Single M 2 1889 Scholar America U S
ALLPORT, Arthur Son Single M 0 (3M) 1891 Tipton Staffordshire
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
1910 United States Federal Census
At Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
James Partridge Head 39 M Years of present marriage: 15 Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Miner - Coal Mine
Selina Partridge Wife 47 F Years of present marriage: 15 Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1888, occupation: None
Ezikral Partridge Son 23 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1906, occupation: Miner - Coal Mine
Arthur Partridge Son 19 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Labor - Steel Foundry
William Partridge Son 15 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Labor - Steel Foundry
Polly Partridge Daur 7 F Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: None
Herbert Zanie Boarder 19 M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: Labor - Steel Works
Babtist Zanie Boarder 16 M M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: Labor - Steel Works
Richard Zanie Boarder 12 M M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: None
1920 United States Federal Census
At Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
James Partridge Head 47 Owned home, free, Year of immigration 1906, naturalized 1915, able to read, b. England, occupation: Labor - Steel Mill
Selina Partridge Wife 55 Year of immigration 1906, naturalized 1915, able to read, b. England, occupation: None
William Partridge Son S 24 Year of immigration 1906, naturalized 1918, able to read, b. England, occupation: Labor - Steel Mill
Pauline Partridge Daur S 17 Year of immigration 1906, able to read, b. England,, occupation: None
At Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
James Partridge Head 39 M Years of present marriage: 15 Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Miner - Coal Mine
Selina Partridge Wife 47 F Years of present marriage: 15 Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1888, occupation: None
Ezikral Partridge Son 23 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1906, occupation: Miner - Coal Mine
Arthur Partridge Son 19 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Labor - Steel Foundry
William Partridge Son 15 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Labor - Steel Foundry
Polly Partridge Daur 7 F Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: None
Herbert Zanie Boarder 19 M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: Labor - Steel Works
Babtist Zanie Boarder 16 M M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: Labor - Steel Works
Richard Zanie Boarder 12 M M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: None
1920 United States Federal Census
At Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
James Partridge Head 47 Owned home, free, Year of immigration 1906, naturalized 1915, able to read, b. England, occupation: Labor - Steel Mill
Selina Partridge Wife 55 Year of immigration 1906, naturalized 1915, able to read, b. England, occupation: None
William Partridge Son S 24 Year of immigration 1906, naturalized 1918, able to read, b. England, occupation: Labor - Steel Mill
Pauline Partridge Daur S 17 Year of immigration 1906, able to read, b. England,, occupation: None
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957
On S.S. Oceanic sailing from Liverpool Aug 9th 1906, arriving at the Port of New York 05(?) Sept 1906:
Partridge, James 35 M tubemaker British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa., Going to: Brother-in-law, Len Levi (looks like) Wellings, 617 Walnut St., Carnegie, Pa.
Partridge, Slina wife 30 M wife British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa.
Partridge, William son 10 S child British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa.
Partridge, Pollie daughter 2 S child British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa.
Darby, William nephew 24 S miner British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa., Going to: Cousin, George Bennett
On S.S. Oceanic sailing from Liverpool Aug 9th 1906, arriving at the Port of New York 05(?) Sept 1906:
Partridge, James 35 M tubemaker British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa., Going to: Brother-in-law, Len Levi (looks like) Wellings, 617 Walnut St., Carnegie, Pa.
Partridge, Slina wife 30 M wife British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa.
Partridge, William son 10 S child British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa.
Partridge, Pollie daughter 2 S child British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa.
Darby, William nephew 24 S miner British, Last permanent residence: Old Hill, England, Final destination: Carnegie, Pa., Going to: Cousin, George Bennett
Last edited by dianel on Wed Oct 06, 2010 3:41 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
Living with dau.
1930. Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
Joseph R Platts 32. Motorman. Street rail ways. Pennsylvania.
Pauline Platts 27.
Elaine Platts 9.
Shirley Platts 6/12.
James Partridge 57. Father-in-Law. Widow. Labor. Steel mill.
Next door, son.
William Partridge 33. Labor. Steel mill.
Mary Partridge 29. Germany.
Virginia Partridge 9.
Mary Partridge 4.
William Partridge 2 4/12.
Selina Partridge 1.
1930. Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
Joseph R Platts 32. Motorman. Street rail ways. Pennsylvania.
Pauline Platts 27.
Elaine Platts 9.
Shirley Platts 6/12.
James Partridge 57. Father-in-Law. Widow. Labor. Steel mill.
Next door, son.
William Partridge 33. Labor. Steel mill.
Mary Partridge 29. Germany.
Virginia Partridge 9.
Mary Partridge 4.
William Partridge 2 4/12.
Selina Partridge 1.
Last edited by Jimmy on Wed Oct 06, 2010 10:47 am, edited 1 time in total.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
Possible James's Burial.
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cg ... 18&df=all&
Possible Selina's burial.
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cg ... 17&df=all&
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cg ... 18&df=all&
Possible Selina's burial.
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cg ... 17&df=all&
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 about Issacher Allport
Name: Issacher Allport
Arrival Date: 25 Oct 1905
Birth Year: abt 1886
Age: 19
Gender: Male
Ethnicity/RaceÂÂ/Nationality: English
Port of Departure: Liverpool, England 18th Oct 1905
Port of Arrival: New York, New York
Ship Name: Oceanic
ALLPORT Issacher 19 Mar Labourer read & write English Last resided: Old Hill Destination: Carnegie Pa. In USA before: 1903, 1905 at Carnegie
Going to: Brother, Harry Allport, Loupeux PO, Heidelberg, Pa.
Noted that the passengers next in the list to Isaachar are:
BENNETT, Alice 25 Wife English of Blackheath, Destination: Allegheny, Going to: Husband, George Bennett at Loupeux PO, Heidelberg, Allegheny Pa.
BENNETT, Jessie 11 1/2 Child
BENNETT, Herbert 6 Child
Name: Issacher Allport
Arrival Date: 25 Oct 1905
Birth Year: abt 1886
Age: 19
Gender: Male
Ethnicity/RaceÂÂ/Nationality: English
Port of Departure: Liverpool, England 18th Oct 1905
Port of Arrival: New York, New York
Ship Name: Oceanic
ALLPORT Issacher 19 Mar Labourer read & write English Last resided: Old Hill Destination: Carnegie Pa. In USA before: 1903, 1905 at Carnegie
Going to: Brother, Harry Allport, Loupeux PO, Heidelberg, Pa.
Noted that the passengers next in the list to Isaachar are:
BENNETT, Alice 25 Wife English of Blackheath, Destination: Allegheny, Going to: Husband, George Bennett at Loupeux PO, Heidelberg, Allegheny Pa.
BENNETT, Jessie 11 1/2 Child
BENNETT, Herbert 6 Child
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
First Name: George.
Last Name: Bennett.
Ethnicity: British English.
Last Place of Residence: Blackheath.
Date of Arrival: Jul 27, 1905.
Age at Arrival: 26y Gender: M. Marital Status: M.
Ship of Travel: Teutonic.
Port of Departure: Liverpool.
Manifest Line Number: 0012.
Last Name: Bennett.
Ethnicity: British English.
Last Place of Residence: Blackheath.
Date of Arrival: Jul 27, 1905.
Age at Arrival: 26y Gender: M. Marital Status: M.
Ship of Travel: Teutonic.
Port of Departure: Liverpool.
Manifest Line Number: 0012.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
West Midlands Marriage indexes 1901.
WILLETTS George, ALLPORT Mary E, Rowley Regis, St Giles. Sandwell Register Office. 18/9/456.
George Willetts. 24. To (Uncle Levi Wellings.)
Hetty Willetts. 24. Wife. (brother Harry Allport.)
Edith Willetts. 2. Inf.
Samuel Willetts. 6m. Inf.
Arthur Allport. 11 Child.
Arrival Date: 18 Jun 1906.
Port of Departure: Liverpool, England.
Ship Name: Merion.
Port of Arrival: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Friend's Name: Harry Allport.
Last Residence: Hamstead W Chant.
WILLETTS George, ALLPORT Mary E, Rowley Regis, St Giles. Sandwell Register Office. 18/9/456.
George Willetts. 24. To (Uncle Levi Wellings.)
Hetty Willetts. 24. Wife. (brother Harry Allport.)
Edith Willetts. 2. Inf.
Samuel Willetts. 6m. Inf.
Arthur Allport. 11 Child.
Arrival Date: 18 Jun 1906.
Port of Departure: Liverpool, England.
Ship Name: Merion.
Port of Arrival: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Friend's Name: Harry Allport.
Last Residence: Hamstead W Chant.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
dianel wrote:1910 United States Federal Census
At Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
James Partridge Head 39 M Years of present marriage: 15 Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Miner - Coal Mine
Selina Partridge Wife 47 F Years of present marriage: 15 Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1888, occupation: None
Ezikral Partridge Son 23 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1906, occupation: Miner - Coal Mine
Arthur Partridge Son 19 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Labor - Steel Foundry
William Partridge Son 15 M Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: Labor - Steel Foundry
Polly Partridge Daur 7 F Place of birth: Eng-English, Place of birth of father: England, Year of immigration: 1907, occupation: None
Herbert Zanie Boarder 19 M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: Labor - Steel Works
Babtist Zanie Boarder 16 M M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: Labor - Steel Works
Richard Zanie Boarder 12 M M Place of birth: Can't read, Place of birth of father: Italy, occupation: None
Living next door,
George Willits 28. Coalminer.
Ettie M Willits 28.
Edith Willits 6.
Samuel Willits 4.
Alfred Willits 2. Pennsylvania.
James Willits 1. Pennsylvania.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
1920. Heidelberg, Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
George Willette 38. Labor, Steel Mill.
Etty Willette 38.
Edith Willetts 16.
Samuel Willetts 14.
James Willetts 10. Pennsylvania.
Selina M Willetts 5. Pennsylvania.
George Willetts 3. Pennsylvania.
Arthur Allpost 29. Brother in law. Millwright.
George Willette 38. Labor, Steel Mill.
Etty Willette 38.
Edith Willetts 16.
Samuel Willetts 14.
James Willetts 10. Pennsylvania.
Selina M Willetts 5. Pennsylvania.
George Willetts 3. Pennsylvania.
Arthur Allpost 29. Brother in law. Millwright.
- Jimmy
- Posts: 22696
- Joined: Wed Oct 01, 2008 9:40 am
- Primary Surname Interests: Ancestry
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: Worcestershire, Staffordshire.
- Location: Kidderminster.
Re: James Partridge b 1872
1930. Detroit, Wayne, Michigan.
Arthur Allport 39. Millwright, auto body plant.
Charlotte D Allport 8. Pennsylvania. Parents born Germany.
William A Allport 3, 7/12.
Arthur Allport 39. Millwright, auto body plant.
Charlotte D Allport 8. Pennsylvania. Parents born Germany.
William A Allport 3, 7/12.
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
1900 United States Federal Census
At Collier, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Wellings Levi Head dob. Oct 1852 age:47 married 28 years b. England, Parents b. England Year of immigration to USA 1880 Coal Miner
Wellings Lucy Wife dob. July 1848 age:51 b. England, Parents b. England
Allport Harry Nephew dob. Apr 1888 age:12 b. Pennsylvania, Parents b. England Coal Miner
At Collier, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Wellings Levi Head dob. Oct 1852 age:47 married 28 years b. England, Parents b. England Year of immigration to USA 1880 Coal Miner
Wellings Lucy Wife dob. July 1848 age:51 b. England, Parents b. England
Allport Harry Nephew dob. Apr 1888 age:12 b. Pennsylvania, Parents b. England Coal Miner
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
Free BMD - Marriage:
Lucy Johnson 1872 Dudley (To 1912) Staffordshire, Worcestershire
Levi Wellings 1872 Dudley (To 1912) Staffordshire, Worcestershire
Lucy Johnson 1872 Dudley (To 1912) Staffordshire, Worcestershire
Levi Wellings 1872 Dudley (To 1912) Staffordshire, Worcestershire
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
1871
at Elbow St., Rowley Regis
George Wellings Head 55 Coal Miner
Sarah Wellings Wife 49
Levi Wellings Son 18 Coal Miner
Mary A Wellings Daur 16
Sarah Wellings Daur 14 Scholar
Emma Wellings Daur 12 Scholar
Elizabeth Wellings Daur 10 Scholar
Selvia Wellings Daur 7 b. 1864 Scholar
Joseph Wellings Son 4 Scholar
All born Staffs., Rowley Regis
at Elbow St., Rowley Regis
George Wellings Head 55 Coal Miner
Sarah Wellings Wife 49
Levi Wellings Son 18 Coal Miner
Mary A Wellings Daur 16
Sarah Wellings Daur 14 Scholar
Emma Wellings Daur 12 Scholar
Elizabeth Wellings Daur 10 Scholar
Selvia Wellings Daur 7 b. 1864 Scholar
Joseph Wellings Son 4 Scholar
All born Staffs., Rowley Regis
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.
- dianel
- Posts: 3132
- Joined: Sat Oct 04, 2008 5:51 pm
- Primary Surname Interests: PERRY, HARROLD, COOKSEY, HINGLEY, WOODHOUSE, MATEER, RIDDELL, RYAN, LEVETT
- Primary Geographical Research Areas: BLACK COUNTRY, BELFAST, CO. LIMERICK, LANARKSHIRE
- Location: Melbourne, Australia
Re: James Partridge b 1872
So Selena Allport/Partridge is Selena/Selvia Wellings? Or sister to Lucy Johnson i.e. Selina Johnson!
Oh, yes, I see ... http://bcconnections.tribalpages.com/tr ... &pid=18101
Well, at least all this independent detectiving provides confirmation.
Oh, yes, I see ... http://bcconnections.tribalpages.com/tr ... &pid=18101
Well, at least all this independent detectiving provides confirmation.

Last edited by dianel on Wed Oct 06, 2010 4:18 pm, edited 2 times in total.
Some mistakes are too much fun
to only make once.
to only make once.